Respiratory Support Modality and Associated Medication Use and Charges
| Nonintubated | Intubated | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC/NRB (n = 184) | NPPV | IMV- OSH (n = 11) | IMV-PCH (n = 4) | ||
| HFNC (n = 26) | CPAP/BiPAP (n = 37) | ||||
| Total ICU pharmacy charges, $, median (IQR) | 352 (263–597) | 817 (504–1426) | 976 (521–1693) | 1270 (864–2926) | 8205 (4573–12 125) |
| Total ICU pharmacy charges per LOS d, $, median (IQR) | 284 (211–371) | 234 (170–452) | 342 (253–425) | 546 (412–1344) | $660 (349–1013) |
| Medications before PICU admission, n (%) | |||||
| Ipratropium bromide | 144 (78) | 17 (65) | 27 (73) | 6 (55) | 4 (100) |
| Magnesium sulfate | 76 (41) | 13 (50) | 21 (57) | 5 (46) | 3 (75) |
| Terbutaline | 14 (8) | 9 (35) | 15 (41) | 6 (55) | 3 (75) |
| Methylxanthine | 1 (0.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Heliox | 1 (0.5) | 0 | 3 (7) | 0 | 0 |
| Nitric oxide | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Racemic epinephrine | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Medications after PICU admission | |||||
| Ipratropium, n (%) | 22 (12) | 9 (35) | 11 (30) | 5 (45) | 3 (75) |
| Ipratropium bromide charges, $ median (IQR) | 8 (4–27) | 22 (4–66) | |||
| Magnesium sulfate, n (%) | 21 (11) | 7 (27) | 14 (38) | 3 (27) | 3 (75) |
| Magnesium sulfate charges, $, median (IQR)a | 63 (33–141) | 179 (99–645) | |||
| Terbutaline, n (%) | 10 (5) | 8 (31) | 14 (38) | 5 (46) | 3 (75) |
| Terbutaline charges, $, median (IQR)a | 467 (194–1469) | 338 (204–814) | |||
| Methylxanthine, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 2 (5) | 1 (9) | 1 (25) |
| Heliox, n (%) | 3 (2) | 1 (4) | 0 | 1 (9) | 0 |
| Nitric oxide, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 1 (3) | 0 | 0 |
| Racemic epinephrine, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Methylxanthine is aminophylline or theophylline. All the patients received short-acting β-agonists and systemic corticosteroids.
↵a Among those who received the asthma therapy.